The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia Essay

The Role of Stress in the Development of Bulimia During the past few decades, Western culture has witnessed an enormous explosion in the number of eating disorders reported among young women. One such type of eating disorder is Butimia Nervosa. According to the DSM-IV criteria it is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, in which the person experiences a feeling of loss of control,and recurrent compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain. Both of these behaviors occur, on average, at least twice a week for three months. In addition, self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight. Finally, there are two subcategories of bulimia. There is the purging type in which the person regularly engages in†¦show more content†¦For example, Wolf and Crowther (1983) studied indicators of binge eating episodes among undergraduate women and found that perceptions of experiencing more stress in the past year were positively related to increased severity of binge eating. However, since stress only accou nted for 6.3% of the binges it is difficult to conclude that bulimics appraisals of the stressors were different. (Cattanach, 1988) Bulimics Coping Mechanisms for Stress Some theories suggest that butimics may experience coping deficits. Coping is generally defined as the cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage environmental and internal demands and conflicts affecting a person which exceed that persons resources. Coping responses are supposed to modify the effects of potential stressors. It may be that when. stressors act in combination with dieting, women who lack coping skills may be most vulnerable to developing bufimia (Lacey, 1986). Another study found that environmental stressors were indirectly related with bulimia, such that coping acted as the mediating variable. However, the study did not discriminate between the factors which precipitated and the factors which maintained the disorder. Therefore, further research must be done to determine whether coping is influencing bufimic episodes, whether bulimia is influencing coping responses, or if this process isShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa1383 Words   |  6 PagesBulimi a Nervosa â€Å"Up to 30 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder† (Wade, Keski- Rahkonen, Hudson, 1995). There are many factors which contribute to the development of eating disorders including â€Å"biology, emotional health, and societal expectation, and other issues† (â€Å"Diseases and Conditions Bulimia nervosa†). One of the most prominent eating disorders in America and around the globe has been around since the Middle Ages: â€Å"Bulimia is first reliably described amongRead MoreWhat Are Eating Disorders? Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesMany things can lead to the development of an eating disorder. The reasons why some people develop eating disorders range from peer-pressure to depression. The number of people with eating disorders seem to be growing as time passes. This leads to an important question. Is there an effective way to solve and put a stop to others developing an eating disorder? The solution to decrease the amount of peo ple that have an eating disorder could be to raise awareness about these disorders to parents toRead More Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesAnorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Today, both anorexia and bulimia are the most common eating disorders and affect almost 15 percent of American teenagers. Eating disorders are fifteen times more likely to occur in adolescent girls than adolescent boys. They can be fatal and thousands die from every year but this is one mental illness that can be beaten. Anorexia is increasing more rapidly in developed countries than in underdeveloped countries. Bulimia is becoming the more common type of eatingRead MoreEating Disorders and Western Culture845 Words   |  3 Pagesshape or mass. They would start to stop themselves to go out anywhere just so that they could work out and burn all of the calories of a meal or snack that they had scoffed earlier. Two of the most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. The regular description of a patient with either disease would be a youthful white female, with an upper social standing in a predictably socially competitive environment. At present, these eating disorders have an effect on roughly 25Read MoreBurden Of A Athlete s Beauty Test1204 Words   |  5 Pagestimes in which I have seen pro-athletes and even my own teammates feel so much of that same pressure to stay competitive, in comparison to others around them, that they result to an eating disorder to cope with maintaining that certain standard. Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are both uprising disorders that can be prevented, yet recognizing the different diagnosis criteria, symptoms or warning signs, and treatment options can help someone offer sympathy and support to anyone struggling withRead MoreEating Disorders And Anorexia Nervosa1152 Words   |  5 Pagesdisorders, Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa, has risen notably amongst women in the Western World. Eating disorders (EDs) are mental disorders â€Å"characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food and that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning† (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013). The most well-known types of eating disorders are Anorexia and Bulimia. Anorexia is characterizedRead MoreEating Disorders And Its Impact On Society1646 Words   |  7 PagesI’ve witness several people with this disorder. Anorexia and bulimia are the most prevalent and generally are accompanied by another psychological disorder. Many individuals suffer from more than one disorder and almost half of people who have anorexia develop bulimia or bulimic patterns. Although there is no specific cause we do know that women are more likely to suffer from anorexia or bulimia. The key to fighting anorexia and bulimia is to identify who is at risk, identify the symptoms, identifyRead MoreEating Disorders are an Unhealthy Obsession1541 Words   |  6 Pagesintense change, which can bring with it a great deal of stress, confusion and anxiety (Allen, Byrn e, Oddy Crosby, 2013). According to Wade, Keski-Rahkonen and Hudson (2011) 20 million women and 10 million men suffer from eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS). There are three main categories of eating disorders, anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specifiedRead MoreEating Disorders Are A Grave Health Problem1614 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Eating disorders develop typically during adolescence. Triggers include a distorted view of an ideal body image, abuse, and the need to control a particular part of life. The eating disorders discussed include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder (BED). These eating disorders lead to severe physical and mental health problems that may require a medical intervention. â€Æ' Eating Disorders Often, the desire to lose weight or to become thin especially in women becomesRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture : Adolescence Eating Disorders1735 Words   |  7 PagesTHE ROLE OF NATURE AND NURTURE IN ADOLESCENCE EATING DISORDERS Written for Portage Learning Developmental (Lifespan) Psychology Introduction Eating disorders are complex of medical and psychiatric disorders, it can affect individuals of any age, sex, race, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. The majority of the Eating disorders discovered during adolescence, but clinicians and psychologists have found an increasing number of young children, old adults diagnosed with these illness

A Midsummer Nights Dream Shakespeare’s treatment of...

A Midsummer Nights Dream Shakespeare’s treatment of illusion and reality in the play A Midsummer Nights Dream is a comedy written by William Shakespeare, it is a play about lovers and includes madness, mayhem, magic and illusion. The title tells us of the inevitable confusion to come, as in Elizabethan times ‘A Midsummer Night’ was a festival linked with mayhem and chaos, and the fact it is a ‘dream’ conjures up ideas of illusion and fantasy. The play has two settings, Athens which represents reality, order and daylight and the woods, the world of the fairies, which symbolize illusion, magic, and a place of darkness. There are three main groups of characters the courtiers, the workmen and the fairies whose actions form†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThis man hath bewitched the bosom of my child’. This speech introduces the idea that people’s feelings can be induced by magic, poetry and moonlight so they cannot tell the difference between illusion and reality. The young lovers decide to elope and arrange to meet each other in the woods. Hermia confides in her childhood friend, Helena of her and Lysander’s intentions. Helena is envious of Demetrius’s feelings for Hermia, and even though Hermia tries to put Helena’s mind at rest that she has no feelings for Demetrius, she is still jealous. Helena’s soliloquy of unrequited love, is an important scene in the play as she speaks of ‘Things base and vile, holding no quantity’, ‘Love can transpose to form and dignity’. She is explaining how the power of love, can transform what we would normally consider as undesirable into something quite beautiful. She decides to tell Demetrius of Hermia and Lysander’s plan in the hope that he will once again see her as he once did. This is where the mayhem begins as the lovers enter the woods, the world of the fairies. Most of the scenes are set in the night, and the darkness is an essential element. It is the time when most humans are sleeping, and magical beings are awakening. WeShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Midsummer Nights Dream: Critical Analysis3103 Words   |  13 PagesMandy Conway Mrs. Guynes English 12 16 March 2000 A Critical Analysis of quot;A Midsummer Nights Dreamquot; William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is quot;A Midsummer Nights Dream.quot; They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which master

A Balanced Curriculum Standards and Assessments for High Performance Free Essays

The article of David Squires and Angelique Arrington entitled A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance, presented a conversation-style elaboration of the said topic enabling the readers to have a better understanding of the points from the different perspectives of the people involved in the process. The article basically emphasized on how two teachers and a principal discussed their curriculum and the methods they utilize in educating the students through lectures and activities and what needs to be improved for the student’s better performance in national tests (Squires Arrington, 1999). In analyzing this article, both its positive and negative implications are taken into consideration. We will write a custom essay sample on A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance or any similar topic only for you Order Now The authors basically asserted that after observing a development program introduced in a specific school, pursuing the next step would be to examine the curriculum of the school. In doing so, the discussants will be able to have an overview of how the school is balancing, aligning and assessing their programs to help prepare the students for state exams. Squires and Arrington asserted that pursuing a balanced curriculum will help children develop their skills and meet their needs to participate in the society. To be able to achieve a balanced curriculum, teachers and administrators attend a series of workshops wherein the said strategy is elaborated and simulated. Then, after the realization of the importance of having a balanced curriculum, these people makes an effort to align their planned curriculum with national and state standards involving a series of modifications and compromises to their own standards (Squires Arrington, 1999). The balancing process also involves the assessment of the curriculum in two ways: the performance and the format assessments. These two methods were designed to see both the understanding and application of concepts by the students. It is through this last step that the decision-makers examine if they were able to balance their curriculum or not and fix those programs that are not able to complement their expectations. As stated earlier, the article poses some strengths and weaknesses. For its strengths, in pursuing a balanced curriculum, the teachers and administrators will find it easier to teach their students while at the same time having an assurance that the students understand the lessons and will be able to integrate such learning in their following years. Moreover, the students will also find it easier to relate to the lessons with an application of the concepts and have a higher chance of performing well in the national exams with the improved preparations made. On the contrary, applying a balanced curriculum requires a lot of work and policy-making skills especially since it involves the process of aligning and assessments. In addition to that, a great amount of effort is needed in aligning one’s curriculum to the national standards and framework. To be able to enhance the positive manifestations of a balanced curriculum and to be able to transform the weaknesses to something beneficial for the teachers, the decision-makers should really be consistent and eager in pursuing their desired curriculum especially since it requires a lot of studies and thinking. Moreover, the involved people especially the teachers should continue to have a drive in enhancing their curriculum for the welfare of their students. Lastly, looking back at the article of Squires and Arrington, it is observably an essential and critical study in the development of the teaching methods of teachers and their standards. It is also very important as a basis for other researchers in developing the curriculum utilized by instructors and how the students will be able to cover everything they need for a specific grade level. References Squires, D.A. Arrington, A. (1999). A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance. Teacher’s College Columbia University. How to cite A Balanced Curriculum: Standards and Assessments for High Performance, Papers

Research Methodologies Human Factors Influencing

Question: Describe about the Research Methodologies for Human Factors Influencing. Answer: Part A Review of Article 1 Mr. Chandrakantan Subramaniam has published this article. In this article of Human factors influencing fire safety measures, he has stated about the fire incidents and relating facts regarding the fire safety measures that have been affected by the factors of the human society. He had taken the evidence of several incidents of fire safety in the duration of recent years. For this reason, Chandrakantan Subramaniam had conducted a study in support of the article in the schools of Malaysia which has been included the Ministry of Education. The study is conducted because of the founding of the fire outbreaks in the schools and institutions of Malaysia (Subramaniam, 2004). These fire outbreaks occurred in 22 schools of primary and secondary division along with the higher institutions in the year 1999 where a number of losses have been recorded to be of RM 534,400. The author of this article basically intended to focus on the identification of the conditions of fire safety in the residenti al colleges of that has been situated in the local universities of Malaysia. Due to the ongoing of the study, there has been an approach of the audit introduced including various questionnaires, which is mostly done to make the collection of the primary data carry out the research (Subramaniam, 2004). Then after the primary data collection and audit process, the results have shown that the level of compliances of the overall condition of fire safety can be said to have 76%. Therefore the researches or the surveys have been shown that there have been some predisposing factors for this condition of fire safety that includes the knowledge, attitude, and belief and along with that having somehow positive attitude towards the safety behaviour of the organizations along with other important six points on fire safety issues. Review of Article 2 This article Exploring the Drivers of Inter organizational Relationship Magnitude has been published by Susan L. Golicic and John T. Mentzer, had explained regarding the exploration of drivers that are mediating the magnitude of the relationship between the organizations in the global market (Golicic Mentzer, 2005). The study has come with the portfolio of the types of investments of the firm which has been surround by the suppliers, and the customers that too be bonded with various types of relationships and the magnitude of that relationship is only studied in this matter. The authors have mentioned about the structure of the relationship in this matter that has shown the breaking down the components of the relationship to be the magnitude and the type (Golicic Mentzer, 2005). The study has shown the distinction between the two that can be said to have an important to set out the theories and practices of the inter-organizational relationships by which it will able to gain more s upportive portfolio that will give the better understanding to the firm to manage the work. For this reason, there must have knowledge of the structure of the companys relationship along with its magnitude, which can be assumed to have the contribution in the relationship (Golicic Mentzer, 2005). Therefore the study has been done including the exploration and the expansion of the research for the contribution of the drivers in the process of influencing of the magnitude of the relationship. For this reason, the study came out with the findings of eight types of drivers, i.e., capabilities, external influence, history, importance, expected benefits, interpersonal interaction, performance along with the strategy congruence. Part B Strength and Weakness of Article 1 The research activities depicted in the two selected articles have to be reviewed especially in the context of the strengths and weaknesses of the research methodologies used by each of the research processes. The journal articles refer to research on the identification of the influencing factors behind the determination of the magnitude of relationships within organizations and the consideration of human factors which are crucial for instating fire safety measures (Subramaniam, 2004). The research methods utilized in each research activity can be considered as profound excerpts of the conventional aspects associated with research such as data collection and analysis methods. However, the most significant part of research activity is observed in the data analysis part which reflects on the content analysis. The scope of primary data collection could be considered as strength for the research as it enables the acquisition of relevant and comprehensive data about research topic. The use of primary data collection methods such as interviews, surveys, questionnaires and focus groups are meant for facilitating a flexible platform for interaction between the sample population and the researcher. The researchers first-hand interaction with the respondents results in derivation of credible information which would not be acquired through the secondary research or review of the literature. A collection of data from the ground level forms a crucial aspect of the research activity and hence primary data collection methods are preferred for the multitude of information generated from the process (Golicic Mentzer, 2005). Primary data collection is also associated with the advantages of data obtained which are clearly reflected in the comprehensiveness and diversity of data. The association of respon dents with varying technical proficiency could be reflected in the variety obtained in the primary data. However, the weaknesses of primary data collection could be observed in the structural definitions of various methods used for primary research. Strength and Weakness of Article 2 In Article 2, Secondary data collection is also a prominent entity in the selected research journals. The process of secondary research is characterized by the extraction of a comprehensive impression of the literature related to the research topic and the various research publications and academic work which reflect appropriately on the research issue. Furthermore, secondary research methods also help in the realization of minimal investment of resources especially in terms of finance (Subramaniam, 2004). The additional issues which could be reflected with regard to secondary research have to be realized in the context of the implications of negligence for relevant factors associated with research issue. The disadvantage of the secondary data collection is also observed in the diversity of the information which could not be collated flexibly according to the research issue. The use of content analysis, as well as coding system for representing the information obtained from the data collection methods, is also observed in the journal articles. The consideration of information coding is helpful in defining standard units for recording and storage of information as well as increasing the flexibility of research (Golicic Mentzer, 2005). However, the coding system could create additional ambiguities for the researcher without precise translation of the information stored in coded form. The profound strengths and weaknesses of the methods for content analysis adopted in the research articles provided could be thus validated. References Subramaniam, C., 2004. Human factors influencing fire safety measures. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal,13(2), pp.110-116. Golicic, S.L. and Mentzer, J.T., 2005. Exploring the drivers of interorganizational relationship magnitude.Journal of Business Logistics,26(2), pp.47-71.